In Rails, Active Record provides batch processing for ActiveRecord::Relation with the in_batches method. In Rails 7.1 the implementation of in_batches has improved to give optimized results for whole table iterations. In this article, we will see how it has improved. Example User.in_batches(of: 3) do |relation| puts relation.to_sql end Before Rails 7.1 Loading development environment (Rails 7.0.4) 3.0.0 :001 > User.in_batches(of: 3) do |relation| 3.0.0 :002 > puts relation.to_sql 3.0.0 :003 > end User Pluck (0.4ms) SELECT